Self-regulation begins at around two years, when children try to behave according to the verbal instructions of adults, but not until they are four do children act appropriately in response to adult demands. Meanwhile, working memory appears at approximately eight months with object representation and permanency ( Capilla et al., 2004). By this same age children demonstrate a better control of inhibition through distraction resistance and impulse contention. Various authors such as Denckla (1996) and Barkley ( 1996, 2001) have suggested that this development begins with the learning of motor control and gradually advances to the level of auto-control of behavior allowing children aged one and a half to maintain a task until the goal is reached ( Isquith et al., 2004 Tamm, Menon & Reiss, 2002 Welsh, 2002). It has been studied mainly for North American and European populations, even though there is a need for wider research. The developmental trajectory of these EF processes runs through childhood and adolescence. al., 2001 Lee, Bull & Ho, 2013 Miller, Giesbrecht, Müller, McInerney & Kerns, 2012 Shayer et al., 2015 Usai, Viterbori, Traverso & De Franchis, 2014). Summarizing different classifying systems of EF, the most popular processes included are inhibition, working memory, planning, self-regulation, flexibility, monitoring and feedback ( Brocki & Bohlin, 2004 Brown, 2006 Capilla et al., 2004 Carlson, Mandell & Williams, 2004 Gioia & Isquith, 2004 Isquith, Gioia & Espy, 2004 Klenberg et.
#Average digit span by age how to#
These mechanisms guide behavior to resolve novel, and confusing situations by establishing when and how to apply knowledge to develop strategies to reach goals ( Hughes, 2002).ĮF is considered a multi-component cognitive and cerebral mechanism that includes different mental processes under the one term. Neuropsicología, funciones ejecutivas, niños, Colombia.įor Neuropsychology, EF is particularly associated with the cognitive tasks developed by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and its subcortical networks to execute motor and mental control activities.
Los análisis HJ-biplot realizados muestran que las FE se desarrollan en relación con la edad y el grado escolar de los niños, no obstante, también se observaron diferencias asociadas a las condiciones socioeconómicas y tipo de colegio al que asisten los niños. Para ello, se aplicaron pruebas psicológicas validadas para población hispanohablante y que conforman las baterías de la Weschler y Luria inicial. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las trayectorias de desarrollo de 163 niños colombianos normotípicos de 4 y 6 años de edad y resaltar las diferencias observadas según variables sociodemográficas como edad, sexo, tipo de colegio y condición socioeconómica. Las funciones ejecutivas (FE) son un proceso cognitivo superior para la autorregulación y control del comportamiento. Keywords neuropsychology, executive functions, children, Colombia. HJ-biplot analysis showed that EF developed commensurate with age and school grade, although differences by socio-economic status and type of school were evident. One hundred and sixty-three normotypical children were tested using psychological tests validated for a Spanish population belonging to the Weschler and Luria Initial batteries. The aim of this study is to describe the developmental trajectory of EF in four and six-year old Colombian children, and to highlight possible differences by socio-cultural variables such as age, sex, type of school or socio-economic status. Executive Function (EF) is a higher cognitive process responsible for control and self-regulation of behavior.
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